![]() ![]() Boardman, Remote measurement of volcanic gases by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Appl. Hosono, Geology of Satsuma-Io-jima district, Quadrangle Series, Scale 1:50,000, Tanegashima (16) No. and Kagoshima Prefectural Government, 1988. Kagiyama, Emission rates of sulfur-dioxide from some volcanoes in Japan, in Proceedings of Kagoshima International Conference on Volcanoes, pp. Italiano, Remote detection of fumarolic gas chemistry at Vulcano, Italy, using an FT-IR spectral radiometer, Earth Planet. Wakita, Remote detection of HCl and SO 2 in volcanic gas from Unzen volcano, Japan, Geophys. Notsu, Remote CO, COS, CO 2, SO 2, HCl detection and temperature estimation of volcanic gas, Geophys. Suzuki, Isotopic and chemical compositions of volcanic gases from Satsuma-Iwojima, Japan, Geochem. Sasaki, An isotopic study of the volcanoes and the hot springs in Satsuma-Iwojima and some areas in Kyushu, Bull. Delgado, Passive infrared spectroscopy of the eruption plume at Popocatepetl volcano, Mexico, Nature, 396, 563–567, 1998. Lange, W., The chemistry of the fluoro acids of fourth, fifth, and sixth group elements, in Fluorine Chemistry, edited by J. Japan Geothermal Energy Assoc., 3, 1–23, 1964 (in Japanese). Kamada, M., Volcanoes and geometry of Satsuma-Iwojima, Kagoshima prefecture, J. Hirayama, Volcanic gases in Japan, Bulletin of the Tokyo Institute of Technology, 47, 1–54, 1962. Shinohara, Flux of volatiles and ore-forming metals from the magmatic-hydrothermal system of Satsuma-Iwojima volcano, Geology, 22, 585–588, 1994. Wright, Discovery of self-combusting volcanic sulfur flows, Geology, 28, 415–418, 2000. Goguel, Collection and analysis of geothermal and volcanic water and gas discharges, DSIR Chemistry Rept., Petone, New Zealand, 1989. F., A simple method for the collection and analysis of volcanic gas samples, Bull. Oppenheimer, Remote measurements of volcanic gas compositions by solar occultation spectroscopy, Nature, 396, 567–570, 1998. Oppenheimer, Remote determination of SiF 4 in volcanic plumes: A new tool for volcano monitoring, Geophys. Edu., 35, 562–563, 1958.įrancis, P., New methods make volcanology research less hazardous, EOS Trans. Budetta, SO 2 flux measurements at Mount Etna (Sicily), J. G., Internally-consistent thermodynamic data for minerals in the system Na 2O-K 2O-CaO-MgO-FeO-Fe 2O 3-SiO 2-TiO 2-H 2O-CO 2, J. Program and abstracts volume, 1993.īerman, R. Romano, COSPEC survey of the sulfur dioxide output from Vulcano in 1984–1993: Volcanological and Methodological implications, 1993 WOVO Workshop, Guadeloupe 13–17 December 1993. Zettwoog, Eruptive and diffuse emissions of CO 2 from Mount Etna, Nature, 351, 387–391, 1991.Īllard, P., N. The ratio can be explained if contribution of F-rich low-temperature fumaroles to the total gas flux of the volcano is as high as 40%.Īllard, P., J. The observed SiF 4/HF ratio cannot be explained only by the high-temperature fumarolic composition of the volcano according to the thermodynamic calculations. The SiF 4 flux of Satsuma-Iwojima volcano is about 13 t/d, that is the largest SiF 4 flux from volcanoes in the world. The result shows that SiF 4 is an important species and has similar to even larger contribution for fluorine output from Satsuma-Iwojima volcano than HF. An average SiF 4/HF molar ratio of 0.57 was observed for the plume, which is about one order of magnitude higher than the previously reported ratio. The high content of SO 2 is suggested to be caused by sulfur combustion in the crater. The SO 2/HCl molar ratio in the plume was about 4, that is larger than the ratio in high-temperature gases. Iwodake, Satsuma-Iwojima volcano, Japan, were carried out in October 1996 to understand plume chemistry of the volcano, especially characteristics of fluorine-bearing species in the plume. Remote FT-IR measurements of volcanic plume of Mt. ![]()
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